Update on Project Activities
This week we had our first focus group with the Mountain View Spanish Speaking Ambassadors. We gave a brief overview of our project, asked them to fill out the Spanish-translated paper survey and then solicited general comments. If willing, we also asked them to distribute additional paper versions of the survey to members of their own community, as then we can further represent this often underrepresented group. The survey will also be published again through The City of Mountain View’s social media channels, as we saw a large spike in the number of responses directly after publishing. What We Observed and Learned The insights that the Ambassadors were willing to share were incredibly influential in our view of the digital divide and the impact of this project. One key takeaway was the experience with affordable internet options. Both Comcast and AT&T have internet options for $10 to $15 a month specifically for low-income residents that qualify by being eligible for food stamps or other government assistance programs. Our team was disheartened by the feedback that these programs often prey on low-income residents. The affordable internet is a “hook” to get people subscribed to the service. Then, as many ambassadors shared, the actual service is so poor that the internet is almost unusable. As such, they call to ask about an upgrade, which drastically increases the price. One ambassador said that with the extras she had to purchase in order to have internet fast enough to allow her daughter to use the internet for schoolwork, she is now paying $67/month. These lived experiences are incredibly enlightening. Our initial focus was trying to spread awareness of these programs for residents in need, but now we’re faced with larger questions about the efficacy of current low-cost options. This experience really showed us the necessity of citizen participation. When we consider the ladder of citizen participation, we feel like we’re stuck at the Placation stage. The ambassadors can advise, but don’t have decision making power. We’re considering how we can further engage all community members. On that note of community member engagement, an interesting historical example was brought to light at the meeting. The ambassadors recalled in 2016 when Google came into Mountain View promising fast, affordable wifi service available to all. However, the latency was high and the project was quickly abandoned, leaving the citizens disappointed and confused. While our project is more research-based and we don’t have direct decision-making power, we want to keep the experiences of community members at the front of our minds when considering policy recommendations. Critical Analysis/Moving Forward The focus group gave some great feedback about current resources. The hours of the senior center don’t cater towards those who work until 7 or 8pm at night. Some of the digital literacy classes in the library are inaccessible because of the language barrier. Overall, there was a really strong ask for more education. Paraphrasing an ambassador, she said that education about how to use the technology is almost more important than direct access to it. While she can borrow a computer or visit the library, because she doesn’t understand how to use digital resources, she is unable to consume any information from them. The importance of digital literacy and ensuring that adequate resources are available and accessible was really stressed. That being said, a majority of our survey respondents, as well as those whom attended our focus group, were older than 60. We’re also interested in learning how younger demographics interact with technology and the barriers that they face. As such, we’re going to hopefully be visiting the Mountain View teen center next week. The largest hurdle that we’re currently facing is a problem that we anticipated, the location data that our survey provides is not targeted enough to determine communities within Mountain View that do not have internet access. As such, we’re mainly relying on the ambassadors to distribute the survey to members of their community that do not have internet access. When we meet with our community partner this next week, we’re going to be focusing on strategies to engage with those without access. Update on Project Activities
Katie and Justin: We did our canvassing shift at the same time as last week, Thursday from 8 to 10 pm. We targeted Trader Joe’s and Safeway to get ahold of the folks who were working the night shift. We also stopped by Amici’s and Chef Kwan’s since we noted that there were quite a few workers in those establishments the last few times we canvassed. In total, we got around 8 surveys. We dropped off a stack at Amici’s and Chef Kwan’s and will pick it up sometime Sunday. Michelle & Shikha: Michelle and I did our Saturday afternoon shift last week as well as a Friday morning shift today with Yesenia. On Saturday, we went up down Santa Cruz Avenue as well as around a few side streets. We mostly talked to small business owners, managers, and workers (about 1 per establishment) and got about 7 surveys and 2 in personal stories. On the Friday shift this week, we went to Safeway, Staples, and a few small businesses in that plaza. We got about 15 surveys, mostly at Safeway, and 2 stories. Sarah & Yesenia: As explained in later sections in this reflection, our schedules could not align for us to canvass together this week. However, we both were able to get out into Downtown Menlo Park this week. Sarah focused on smaller storefronts in Downtown Menlo Park, while Yesenia focused on larger businesses like Safeway. Sarah was able to get around 10 responses on paper during her afternoon, opting out of using an iPad because the older demographic of workers/managers/owners in Downtown Menlo Park seems to be on the more technologically unsavvy side. Yesenia used an iPad in her afternoon in Safeway, as the overall demographic is on average younger and more adept at using iPads. Whole Team: We brought up the concern to our community partners that with our limited schedules and unexpected difficulties with getting folks to participate in the survey that we would not hit the 100 surveys that we originally agreed upon. Right now, we have conducted 74 surveys; We discussed what our final deliverables would look like again. Chris Lepe from TransForm suggested that we create a shareable blog post for us to make this information that we’ve gathered accessible to everyone, not just city council members. Given our current capacity, it may be something we look at if we finish our deliverables early but we want to focus our original final deliverables first. What We Observed and Learned In terms of connecting our work to the class readings, housing has a very expansive definition but a limited view in Menlo Park. Most people like the idea of affordable housing but are also attached to the idea of low-density housing, green space, and knowing your neighbors. Some in Menlo Park blame Facebook and Google for raising housing prices and pushing long-term residents out. Others say that even more than housing, traffic will push them out of the area. This week we learned about affordable housing in California and the history of public housing. Our project relates a lot to the topics we covered this week since our surveys are intended to assess the need of affordable housing in the area. Many of the people we spoke to during the survey talked about how expensive all of the housing was in this area and how difficult it was for them to afford it. They talked about the consequences: working longer hours, driving further, and paying more for rent, Michelle & Shikha: Friday mornings can be busy, but waiting for workers to serve all customers proved effective. People filled out our survey rapidly, and some even left contact information. People are really fed up with these issues in Menlo Park and were happy to take the survey. We had more lengthy conversations when going to smaller businesses with fewer workers. However, surveying at Safeway was much more efficient than on Santa Cruz Ave because of the density of workers. The difference in Safeway was that workers had less time to fill out the survey. A few still wanted to chat for longer but were wary of their manager nearby. The manager approached Yesenia and Michelle and told us to ask him before coming in next time. He mentioned that he paid his employees by the minute, so we shouldn’t take too much for their time. Still, it was a productive session and the workers were excited to help. Yesenia & Sarah: Making personal connections with people really helps get what you want! Sarah had a successful afternoon on Thursday with one memorable interaction with the owner of a luxury pet store. After having a lengthy conversation with the owner and building rapport, she gave me access to most of the workers during their breaks for additional surveying. The rest of the afternoon was spent in other shops along the Santa Cruz strip of Downtown Menlo Park as well as the side street businesses. 12:30-2:00 pm on Thursdays is a good stretch of time to interact with workers. Yesenia had a schedule conflict to go canvassing during the usual time so she ended up joining Michelle and Shikha Friday morning from 10:30 am -12:30 pm. She noticed a great difference between canvassing in a store like Safeway and a small, family-owned business in downtown Menlo Park. Because Safeway is a bigger, busier store than the small, family-owned businesses, the workers were more in a hurry to fill out the survey, which gave us less time to collect testimonies, but more time to survey other workers. The manager was also very wary of us asking workers to take a few minutes to fill out the survey because they are paid by the minute, as mentioned above. Katie & Justin: Night shift is a really hard shift to cover; people are at the end of the shift and ready to go home. We recognize that our survey is not a priority to them when they either have a family to get back to or a job to finish. Getting people to fill it out on the spot is a lot more successful than dropping it off and picking it up later. However, when it comes to businesses like restaurants, we want to work around their schedule and accommodate for their needs. If we had more time, we could canvass at different times where restaurants were in a lull (3pm-4pm or 10am-11am), but with the resources we have and the time we are able to dedicate, we had to coordinate some drop-offs and pickups. We do not think that we will have many responses, but the managers seemed to be interested, which is a good omen. We went into Trader Joe’s, in which we have had success before. We understand the night shift is hard to cover, but we were unable to capture Trader Joes in the last night canvassing session and we thought it was valuable to represent. I (Justin) spoke with the manager, and he allowed us to take surveys, but after I conducted one survey, he reconsidered his decision and cordially asked us to leave because they were busy closing. The manager told us to come back around 2:00 on a weekday when the last shift starts (so that we do not double count the same shift). We were able to conduct some Spanish surveys. I, Justin, personally enjoyed this because I felt like I could really connect with the person I was interviewing this way. I originally started in English (which I default to), but he did not speak the language. I could tell that he appreciated me speaking his native language. Also, in terms of data, it is important to reflect all languages to the best of our ability to avoid response bias. We encountered a Burmese man that we could not communicate with, but there is not much that we can do in cases like this. Critical Analysis/Moving Forward We may have to do one more shift of canvassing to get close to the target number of 100 surveys. We currently sit at 74 surveys, and we are hoping to reach about 90. Katie will go back to pick up a few paper surveys from restaurants downtown. Shikha will lead another shift. Our updated goal is 80-90 surveys. We met with the community partners again on Friday. They approved the outline for our final report. Our plan is to individually work on these pieces for next week, refine over Thanksgiving break, then meet with the community partners for approval on November 30. Broadly, Katie will be focusing on the literature review, Sarah will be writing about the project background, purpose, and methodology, Justin will work on survey analysis and data visualization, Michelle will compile stories, Yesenia will write summary descriptions of the survey data, and Shikha will work on compiling the powerpoint. In terms of data analysis, the response spreadsheet will require some amount of cleaning. For instance, some of the questions required respondents to select all that apply, so we will need to make dummy variables. Broadly, we will manipulate the data so we can study it. The community partners mentioned a few other potential action items. Adina wants us to meet with a business leader in Menlo Park to ensure that they are not surprised by the findings when it is published. We will likely be meeting with this person the Friday after our final presentation, then build our Letter. Update on Project Activities
This week, as usual, involved a lot of small 2-3 person meetings – most were focused on preparing good feedback for chapter editors but we also spent time discussing and finalizing our plans to engage with the oral history part of the project. Christian and Lexi submitted their two-page memo with feedback on the Migration/Relocation chapter to Mary on Sunday, November 4th. After Mary thoroughly reads this memo, the three plan to chat again to answer any remaining questions. Similarly, Tony and Spencer have been working on their feedback for Erin about the Speculation chapter, and Elise has been working on the Transportation/Infrastructure chapter feedback for Deland. Lexi and Tony had a check-in with Magie about the Indigenous Geographies chapter on Thursday, November 11th, during which they discussed what types of feedback would be most useful and strategies for editing down oral histories. Lexi and Tony were worried about inadvertently inserting our own voices over the interviewees’ based on how we edited their stories and what we cut out, but Magie showed us ways to shorten individual sentences without removing large portions of the narrative. Christian, Spencer, and Lexi also attended the Ethical Research Training with Magie and Adrienne on Thursday, November 11th. Tony and Elise watched a video recording of this training in their own time. We reviewed several pieces of literature, such as the AEMP handbook, prior to this training so we could gain further insight to AEMP’s philosophy of mutual benefit and using academia for activism. We decided, given our time constraints and lack of connections to people with direct experience of housing displacement on campus, not do an oral history of a Stanford employee (as we had originally hoped to do). Instead, Spencer, Lexi, Magie, and Adrienne discussed the possibility of doing some background research about campus housing activism to serve as a starting point for next year’s cohort of students. We may begin by conducting an informational interview with student members from SCoPE (Stanford Coalition for Planning An Equitable 2035). SCoPE is a student organization that cooperates with Stanford’s workers union on campus and advocates for equitable outcomes in housing, transportation, labor provisions and GHG emissions. We also scheduled a meeting with Magie on Thursday, November 29th to go over our draft educational materials, which we will begin developing next week. We are hoping to create something that will be useful for AEMP as well as for the 2019 Listen to the Silence Conference. We are also tentatively planning to send two people (probably Christian and Elise) to shadow Adrienne as she conducts an oral history interview in San Francisco some time late November. This is dependent on the interviewee’s schedule. What We Observed and Learned One of the main objectives this week was to provide feedback for each of the chapters we were editing, and we discovered that many of the chapters were at different stages of writing. We noticed that much of our feedback depended on what stage of writing the author was currently at, and that we all gave very different feedback to our respective authors. For example, the evictions chapter was more or less finalized and in PDF format, so most of the feedback had to be tailored to more specific, easy fixes that wouldn’t require an overhaul of the finished product. Other chapters like the migration chapter had basically no text or layout, and was a compilation of figures, graphs, and interviews. For a chapter like this, weaving a coherent story was more the focus in addition to providing criticism or suggestions about any data, and the team was focused primarily on finding common threads to link bits of the story together. Altogether, it was difficult to think about the overall design of the publication as a whole given that, currently, they are at such different stages in the writing process. Looking forward, it is important for us to make sure we know how our chapters fit together through discussion with ourselves and our authors. By discussing the big picture concepts from each chapter and how they fit together, we can better provide feedback for our individual chapter editors and create a more compelling finished product. We also clarified the expectations for our project deliverables while completing the Ethical Research Training this week. Our impression of the oral history component of the project was that we should reach out to any individuals or communities we knew of that might be interested in completing an interview, and that we would conduct an oral history ourselves that would be included in the Atlas or on the AEMP website. What we learned during training was that completing an oral history was not an expectation, but rather something we should try to accomplish for our own understanding of the meaning of ethical research, the importance of the project’s goals of collecting and compiling stories, and the impact of having the voices of people most affected by the housing crisis heard in our Stanford community. In fact, we might shadow one of Adrienne’s contacts while they complete an oral history, and this would effectively be achieving our goals of learning about ethical research while maintaining an appropriate level of participation. However, we are still interested in applying oral history work to workers’ rights on the Stanford campus. We do not feel as though we have the right knowledge and skill sets to create meaningful change in AEMP’s focus areas (San Francisco, Oakland, etc.), but we do know and understand Stanford’s community dynamics enough to get involved. Stanford is a major source of employment, as well as displacement, in the Bay Area, and AEMP has not yet begun to explore the stories of people affected by the institution’s regional dominance. Spencer had been to a SCoPE meeting earlier in the quarter and remembered seeing a map SCoPE compiled of the counties the workers were from – some several hours away. Clearly the problems we’d discussed in class around developers in the Bay Area not having sufficient incentives to build affordable housing, and lack of enforcement in ABAG’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation are reflected in the long commutes Stanford workers have to make to get from where they can afford housing, to where they have to work. Spencer, Lexi, Adrienne, and Magie began a discussion of what sort of work could be done on campus to help empower workers’ and motivate students to help push the university for workers’ housing. However, we believe that this work would require a lot more time than we have remaining in the quarter, so we brainstormed ways our group could help prepare materials for next year’s Sustainable Cities cohort. We are considering doing some preliminary research on Stanford housing activism to establish a “landscape” of what has been happening on campus and where there is room for AEMP/Sustainable Cities to get involved. Critical Analysis/Moving Forward At this stage in the quarter, we have been working with AEMP for quite a while, and have gotten a sense of the sheer complexity of the housing crisis in the Bay Area. As we have seen both in our field work with the organization and from readings in class, solutions to the housing shortage are not as simple as constructing more houses. Given legacies of gentrification, racial exclusion, and income inequality, the situation demands a holistic look at the issues affecting countless individuals in the Bay Area and beyond. This week was particularly informative in that regard, as it forced us to begin putting some of the Atlas chapters in conversation and begin drawing out the thematic arc of the text. The sheer difficulty of cohering a single atlas to depict the wide range of issues falling under regional displacement demonstrates the complexity of the issue at hand, as its narrative exists beyond single issues like AirBNB and the preponderance of Single Family Homes. Instead, each chapter has really begun to feel like single pieces in the collective “housing puzzle,” and conversations -- as working on chapter editing has shown -- are not relegated to particular sectors or even disciplines. They are complicated, interlocking, and often-times co-constitutive with other issues, requiring the earnest collaboration of all parties with something to contribute. Another idea that came up in this week’s readings that seemed especially relevant to the work we’re doing at AEMP is the idea of critical reflexivity. We were drawn to new metrics to evaluate urban change, as well as given case studies of several failed pilot projects, each of which providing context to many similar policies being debated today. Examples like Pruitt-Igoe and the high-rise developments following WWIgetting people off the streets and into better conditions, Pruitt-Igoe backfired, resulting in the proliferation of crime and “city-slums” throughout Saint Louis. This example seemed to be particularly poignant, as it forced us to consider practicality as much as ethicality, and to temper efficiency and moral exigence with reasoned analysis about how these problems might be solved. It also forced us to think about how space becomes amenable, safe, and accessible, especially with regard to development and changing urban landscapes. AEMP also exemplifies this goal, as their work on cutting-edge issues like “vacation rental homes,” and AirBnB seeks to problematize even superficially “unrelated” or even “beneficial” services. Perhaps most importantly, our work this week has provided us the opportunity to reflect on displacement not as a single act, but as an ongoing process of removal and erasure. During a conversation with Magie, we talked briefly about how settler colonialism resulted in the original theft of indigenous land. In thinking about indigenous displacement today, it became clear that colonization and displacement are not singular events with a defined beginning and end. Rather, displacement represents a logic that exists today in acts like the denial of indigenous sacred spaces, traditions, and family. Seeing social and physical location as the constellation of single acts has enabled us to think about these events in concert rather than in isolation, and be able to identity some of the persistent structural flaws inherent within the housing system. It has also enabled us to broaden our vocabulary when discussing events like eviction, migration, and racial displacement today. Update on Project Activities
This week, we took a step back from our sub-projects and examined the research questions we were asking. Some teammates were satisfied with their current paths of inquiry, but others had lingering questions that had been eliminated during earlier rounds of research planning. We also discussed how our colleagues at Hartnell had previously expressed interest in studying topics like mental health and public art, policing practices, and socioeconomic status in the Alisal. With Deland’s encouragement, we decided to reconsider these previously voiced ideas and invite team members to propose additional research questions through a shared Google document that we will reference during our Zoom meeting on Sunday. In the midst of this discussion, we also continued work on our sub-projects:
What We Observed and Learned One of the most gratifying parts of the research process has been finding so many great databases and archives. As we continue our research and ask more detailed questions about how we should define a “food desert” in the context of Salinas or how we can compare feelings of safety to crime metrics, we have often found resources that provide us with the demographic and spatial data we need, and in great detail. Our community partners, especially Krista Hanni of the Monterey County Health Department, have connected us with resources that will allow us to examine trends in the context of local government policies and even compare our findings across larger geographies. Critical Analysis As we reconsider our research questions, it is crucial that we balance feasibility with utility. We may come up with fascinating questions that could produce useful information for the City of Salinas, but we also need to come up with a well-defined plan to answer those questions within the few weeks we have left. It seems that many of the topics that most interest various team members are areas of expertise or past experience. For instance, Luis mentioned that it would be really interesting, and perhaps empowering, to research different types of public art and how those art forms influenced mental health. Luis also discussed his work with a local arts organization and cited instances of conflict between the city and artists. With this detailed knowledge of arts practices in Salinas, Luis could probably add this topic of investigation to the public health sub-project with little issue. However, trying to do a study on something like precisely tracking individual gang murders and tying them to historical events would also be useful to the city, but it would not feasible with the time and resources we have. Based on our discussion about the definition and examples of urban resilience, what does resilience look like in your particular project or project community? In Monday’s class, we talked about resilience as the ability of a system to handle a shock or disruption. We touched on both the emotional ability and the physical capacity of a community to recover to an equal or higher level of wellbeing than it had had before a given disturbance. The discussion on Monday primarily dealt with disaster resilience through social capital, such as leaning on a sister village program to provide accomodation for people displaced by an eruption or relying on a social media network to provide physical and moral support. Similarly, our work with the Anti-Eviction Mapping Project is showing us the importance of social connections and natural disaster preparedness, although we are also learning about many other kinds of resilience that are involved in fighting for equitable, sustainable housing. In the sphere of housing equity work, resilience looks like connectivity and collective leverage. AEMP is connecting people together so they can fight their evictions. This angle is consistent with the hypothesis proposed on Monday that social capital increases one’s power to respond to a situation. In addition, from an ecological perspective, ecosystems with more actors, distribution of function, and redundancy in function are often more resilient to disruptions; correspondingly, human ecosystems with more collaborators and distributed power are better able to bounce back from stressors, and less burden is placed on a few particular actors. An example of this collective leverage can be found in the speculation chapter of the Atlas. One of the written pieces describes the process by which community land trusts were used to buy up Pigeon Palace, a six-unit property from which residents would have otherwise been evicted. Together, the residents, with help from the San Francisco Community Land Trust, were better equipped with the money and voice necessary to successfully dismantle the threat of eviction, preserve the cultural continuity of Pigeon Palace, and maintain their homes and livelihoods. However, it is also important to wrestle with the relationship between resistance and resilience. AEMP frames their work as helping residents resist eviction and injustice, which is not necessarily the same as being resilient in the face of evictions. AEMP’s framework of resistance focuses on fighting individual people, actions, and laws, while our current understanding of resilience incorporates a broader context of setting oneself or one’s community up to better address the possibility or reality of injustices and evictions. However, there is a lot of overlap between resilience and resistance in terms of a community’s access to resources. A resilient community with adequate money, health(care), and leverage to effectively advance its interests will be more effective in its efforts of resistance. Likewise, the same social capital that encourages resilience, as in the case of neighborhood recovery after Hurricane Katrina, can also precipitate collective action that helps keep a neighborhood together. What types of issues would fall under “resilience” and why is resilience needed in these areas? Creating a system that is able to withstand disruptions is a major goal of the AEMP, and multiple issues brought into focus by the project illustrate the challenges that need to be overcome before attaining a resilient system. One of the main avenues of encouraging resilience in our project is building social capital in the communities affected by the housing crisis. By creating more tightly knit communities, disruptions like evictions are more likely to be resisted. As discussed previously, building resilience can be a stepping stone to resistance, and having stronger communities is a sure way to achieve both of these. Another issue that falls under resilience is cultural continuity. Evictions certainly prevent a community from maintaining its cultural identity, and our project’s goal of preventing evictions will hopefully address this issue that is connected to resilience. Cultural continuity is intertwined with social capital, where a community will have a better capacity to conduct collective action as a result of resources and organizations built up over time. This could come in the form of public spaces used by the community for political action, or building a legacy of legal representation that acts as a safeguard for individuals being displaced. In any case, evictions threaten cultural continuity, and they make communities less resilient as a result. Public health is also vital to any discussion of resilience because the health of individuals will necessarily shape the health of communities. When people are displaced, they often lose access to resources they had relied on in the past to live a healthy life. An example brought to light by the AEMP is the inability of those with HIV/AIDS to receive proper medical treatment after being displaced to a community with less familiar resources or to a community that lacks them altogether. This also connects to the concept of cultural continuity, which ultimately encouraged the provision of HIV/AIDS treatment in those original communities. Another example from the AEMP involves communities that lack toxic waste disposal services, which have been forcibly moved by the government to avoid public health issues. In this case, the government did not seriously consider the relationship between public health and resilience. Otherwise, the creation of toxic waste disposal services would have been a clear solution. Related to this example of government action is the creation of a stable political climate that promotes well-being in the community it serves. Elected officials generally have a high rate of turnover, and it would follow that extreme changes in elected officials (and as a result, the political climate) can be considered a disruption to the system. Therefore, communities that can manage to maintain a stable political climate will be less likely to experience a disruption. Having a resilient community also means having infrastructure in place that prevents disruption. One example of this is infrastructure built in response to climate change. With respect to disaster preparedness, are low-income and at-risk communities resilient to earthquake damage and relocation? Do coastal communities have infrastructure to prevent massive displacement? It is also important to consider infrastructure as a means for connectivity. Having widespread and affordable public transportation options can help mitigate the effects of displaced communities that have to commute far distances. When discussing resilience, the built form of a community is an inseparable issue that needs to be included. One final issue related to resilience is economic diversity. Ensuring that a community can be financially stable over time is closely related with the displacement of low-income workers that form the pillars of any economy. By ensuring a diverse workforce and market economy within a community, the ability of that community to withstand economic shocks is greatly enhanced. If you were to meet a resilience planner from the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), how should these regional organizations prioritize and fund resilience initiatives in your project’s community? What would be your recommendations for the ABAG/MTC resilience division to address, in regards to your project? A resilience planner from ABAG or MTC should, first, be forward thinking enough to anticipate changes in neighborhood conditions before people are displaced or find the city they reside in lacking in housing, transport, basic services as well as cultural and social resources. Through the Regional Housing Needs Allocation, ABAG planners have made it clear how much housing cities should build for each income group. Nonetheless, given how cities have largely ignored RHNA, planners need to be more aggressive and penalize poorly performing cities more strongly or provide stronger incentives for affordable housing. Additionally, RHNA recommendations have only recently come into place and largely as a reaction to the Tech Boom 2.0. Planners should have anticipated gentrification, because resilience is impossible if the community you are trying to build resilience in is being broken up and displaced. As far as preventing such damaging displacement goes, ABAG could play a role in encouraging cities to adopt more rent control measures and expedite affordable housing development to allow for displaced communities to stay close to their homes and reduce “root shock”. The MTC, could play an important role in building resilience to try to mitigate impacts of displacement. The development of new transport rail initiatives that increase connectivity in the Bay and reduce transport times could do a lot to help people commute to work and reconnect with old community friends. For example, Facebook’s recent negotiations with San Mateo County Transit Community to restore the old Dumbarton Bridge and provide a rail line could do a lot to reduce transit costs for low-income workers and also reduce health impacts from drive-through traffic in East Palo Alto. Additionally, making existing public transport cheaper would also help to reduce transportation cost burdens for displaced families that often are forced to move further from work. Ultimately, housing initiatives should be paired with transportation initiatives especially to reduce the overall proportion of income low-income groups spend on just housing themselves and getting to work. For example, as people need to move out of expensive housing areas, they will need to spend more money to travel to their jobs in order to maintain their livelihoods. Therefore, it is imperative that transportation costs are reasonably affordable. “In 2005, low-income and working class families in the Bay Area spent 66 percent of household income on housing and transportation” (Plan Bay Area). ABAG/MTC could help to address this by reducing toll prices, or by encouraging SFMTA to reduce the cost of BART. This is particularly important because a large percentage of Bay Area commuters are low-income. ABAG/MTA could also work to ensure that they build an appropriate amount of housing units near their newest transportation projects so that the gentrification and displacement caused by increased property values near their transportation projects is offset by a greater supply of housing. Another way that ABAG/MTC would improve Bay Area resilience would be to help create physical gathering spaces for marginalized communities to connect and share ideas. AEMP is currently working on this in the digital sphere by connecting individuals who have been evicted with other individuals in order to create a regional resistance movement. However, there is also value in physical spaces for people to gather, especially those that may not have access to digital resources. For example, in Bayview (a neighborhood of San Francisco that has historically been home to SF’s Black community), the growing Asian community has found that there are few cultural resources for them. In response, the AsianWeek Foundation created the Florence Fang Asian Community Garden, which is an urban farm run primarily by elderly Chinese residents. The garden grows culturally-relevant crops, but also creates a space for Chinese residents to connect with one another and share resources. It is also a space for traditional arts, as well as a venue for food pantry donations. The community members involved have now begun to negotiate with CalTrain to buy the land that they are operating on, and thus creating a permanent space for their community. [Pictured above: two women tending to garden beds at the Florence Fang Asian Community Garden]
We would also argue that ABAG and MTC look into several of the policies that AEMP has been actively supporting to protect renters from evictions (both no-fault evictions and those due to dramatically increased rental costs). For example, AEMP is encouraging that all California cities have rent control laws because they allow for diversity and stability within communities. Currently, only 19 of the 482 California cities have rent control laws, meaning that a majority of Californians are at risk of unfairly increased rent prices. While this does not necessarily protect new low-income renters, rent control does allow for existing renters to stay in one place for a longer amount of time and contribute more fully to their surrounding communities. AEMP is also supporting “Just Cause for All,” a campaign to repeal the Ellis Act. The Ellis Act allows California landlords to evict renters in order to leave the rental market, although this is often used to change rental units into condominiums. As a result of the Ellis Act, AEMP argues that more “no-fault” evictions are occurring in the Bay Area, because landlords are able to sell their land to high-paying developers instead of maintaining relationships with low- and middle-income tenants. Finally, AEMP also urges for the Costa-Hawkins act, which limits community’s abilities to enact stronger renter protections, to be repealed. AEMP argues that repealing the Costa-Hawkins act, by voting YES on Prop 10 this November, will increase stability in the rental market and reduce the prevalence of evictions. Currently, over $25 million has gone to support Prop 10, with 91% of this funding coming from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation. Because access to HIV/AIDS treatment facilities and resources decreases as people are forced out of urban centers, and because the low-income people who are being evicted are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, Prop 10 can be viewed as a public health protection. However, on the other side, $75 million has been used for campaigns to oppose Prop 10. A majority of this funding is coming from realtors, such as the California Association of Realtors, who have more money to use to spread their message than individual renters. We would hope that the ABAG/MTC resilience divisions would help financially support campaigns for the above initiatives, or release public statements in support of these initiatives, in order to prevent further evictions and therefore increase the resilience of a community |
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